CAS Number | 24959-67-9 |
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Molecular Formula | Br |
Molecular Weight | 79.905 |
InChI Key | CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
LogP | 0.0 |
Synonyms |
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Separation type: Liquid Chromatography Mixed-mode | ||||||||||||||
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method for Analysis of Citric Acid and Potassium Bromide
Citric Acid is a naturally ocurring organic acid found in citrus fruits; it is also an intermediate in the citric acid cycle of aerobic organisms. It is used industrially as an acidity regulator, flavoring, detergent, and more than 2 million tons are produced annually. Potassium Bromide used to be a popular anticonvulsant and sedative, and is now mainly used as an antiepileptic medication for dogs. Citric acid and Potassium Bromide can be retained, separated, and analyzed on a mixed-mode Newcrom BH column with a mobile phase consisting of water, Acetonitrile (MeCN), and Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). This analytical method can be UV detected at 210 nm with high resolution and peak symmetry. This method is also compatible with Mass Spectrometry (MS), ELSD, and CAD. The Citric acid was detected via negative Electrospray Ionization (ESI-) at an m/z of 191. |
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The Newcrom columns are a family of reverse phase-based columns. Newcrom A, AH, B, and BH are all mixed-mode columns with either positive or negative ion-pairing groups attached to either short (25 Å) or long (100 Å) ligand chains. Newcrom R1 columns are standard reverse phase columns with octyldecyl silane chains (C18) attached to porous silica. We have also designed a line of Newcrom R1 columns with a new outer design. This column and corresponding adapter entirely eliminate the need for any high-pressure fittings or tubing as well as minimizing all possible dead volumes. Furthermore, if a leak ever occurs in the high-pressure column inlet, the mobile phase is contained within the column adapter (no external leakage).
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Separation type: Bridge Ion Separation Technology, or BIST™ | ||||||||||||||
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method for Analysis of Inorganic anions, Chloride, Bromide, Nitrate, Iodide, Perchlorate
Using SIELC’s newly introduced BIST™ method, a mixture of many different inorganic anions can be separated on a negatively-charged, cation-exchange BIST™ A column, contrary to conventional chromatographic wisdom. There are two keys to this retention method: 1) a multi-charged, positive buffer, such as N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine (TMDAP), which acts as a bridge, linking the negatively-charged anion analytes to the negatively-charged column surface and 2) a mobile phase consisting mostly of organic solvent (such as MeCN) to minimize the formation of a solvation layer around the charged analytes. Other positively-charged buffers that can generate BIST™ include Calcium acetate and Magnesium acetate. Using this new and unique analysis method, these anions can be separated, retained, and detected through ELSD. This method is also compatible with Mass Spectrometry. |
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SIELC Technologies’ BIST™ Columns are a new and simple way to achieve many separations that are traditionally difficult or impossible to achieve with any other HPLC columns currently on the market! When used with our BIST™ mobile phases, these ion exchange columns can generate very strong retention of analytes that have the same charge polarity as the stationary phase, unlocking new chromatography applications that were previously too difficult to achieve.
Select optionsSIELC Technologies’ BIST™ Columns are a new and simple way to achieve many separations that are traditionally difficult or impossible to achieve with any other HPLC columns currently on the market! When used with our BIST™ mobile phases, these ion exchange columns can generate very strong retention of analytes that have the same charge polarity as the stationary phase, unlocking new chromatography applications that were previously too difficult to achieve.
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Pesticide is a more generic term that includes herbicides, fungicides and insecticides in its definition. Herbicides are used to control unwanted plants, they are also known as weedkillers. Insecticides are used to kill insects. Fungicides are used to kill parasitic fungi. All are heavily used in agriculture. By using HPLC, many different pesticides can be separated and their retention characteristics controlled using the Newcrom B mixed-mode column.
Column | Newcrom B, 4.6×150 mm, 5 µm, 100A |
Mobile Phase | MeCN/H2O – 10/90% |
Buffer | AmFm pH 3.0 Gradient 5 – 60 mM 15 min |
Flow Rate | 1 ml/min |
Detection | CAD |
Column | Newcrom B, 4.6×150 mm, 5 µm, 100A |
Mobile Phase | MeCN/H2O – 10/90% |
Buffer | AmFm pH 3.0 Gradient 5 – 15 mM 10 min |
Flow Rate | 1 ml/min |
Detection | CAD |
Class of Compounds | Pesticides, Herbicides, Fungicides, Insecticides |
Analyzing Compounds | Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), Bialaphos, Glyphosate, Phosphorous acid H3PO3, Fosetyl-Al, Bromide, Chlorate, Perchlorate, 3-Methylphosphinicopropionic acid (MPPA), Bromide |
The Newcrom columns are a family of reverse phase-based columns. Newcrom A, AH, B, and BH are all mixed-mode columns with either positive or negative ion-pairing groups attached to either short (25 Å) or long (100 Å) ligand chains. Newcrom R1 columns are standard reverse phase columns with octyldecyl silane chains (C18) attached to porous silica. We have also designed a line of Newcrom R1 columns with a new outer design. This column and corresponding adapter entirely eliminate the need for any high-pressure fittings or tubing as well as minimizing all possible dead volumes. Furthermore, if a leak ever occurs in the high-pressure column inlet, the mobile phase is contained within the column adapter (no external leakage).
Select optionsColumn | Primesep SB, 4.6×150 mm, 5 µm, 100A |
Mobile Phase | MeCN/H2O – 60/40% |
Buffer | AmFm pH 3.0 – 40 mM |
Flow Rate | 1.0 ml/min |
Detection | CAD (Corona) (MS-compatible mobile phase) |
Class of Compounds | Base, Ions, Hydrophobic, Ionizable |
Analyzing Compounds | Didodecyldimethylammonium bromide |
The Primesep family of mixed-mode columns offer a wide variety of stationary phases with an unprecedented selectivity in the separation of a broad array of chemical compounds and in multiple applications. Corresponding Primesep guard columns are available with all stationary phases and do not require holders. SIELC offers a method development service which is available for all customers. Ask about our special custom LC-phases tailored for specific separations.
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Column | Newcrom BH, 4.6×150 mm, 5 µm, 100A |
Mobile Phase | MeCN/H2O – 10/90% |
Buffer | Gradient AmAc pH 5.0 – 20-90 mM , 20 min |
Flow Rate | 1.0 ml/min |
Detection | CAD (Corona) (MS-compatible mobile phase) |
Class of Compounds | Ions, Hydrophilic, Ionizable |
Analyzing Compounds | Sodium, Phosphate, Chloride, Bromide, Nitrate, Iodide, Sulfate, Perchlorate |
The Newcrom columns are a family of reverse phase-based columns. Newcrom A, AH, B, and BH are all mixed-mode columns with either positive or negative ion-pairing groups attached to either short (25 Å) or long (100 Å) ligand chains. Newcrom R1 columns are standard reverse phase columns with octyldecyl silane chains (C18) attached to porous silica. We have also designed a line of Newcrom R1 columns with a new outer design. This column and corresponding adapter entirely eliminate the need for any high-pressure fittings or tubing as well as minimizing all possible dead volumes. Furthermore, if a leak ever occurs in the high-pressure column inlet, the mobile phase is contained within the column adapter (no external leakage).
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Column | Primesep C, 4.6×150 mm, 5 µm, 100A |
Mobile Phase | MeCN/H2O |
Buffer | TEAPh |
Flow Rate | 1.0 ml/min |
Detection | UV, 210 nm |
Class of Compounds |
Drug, Preservatives, Base, Hydrophobic, Ionizable |
Analyzing Compounds | Dextromethorphan, Bromide, Methyl Paraben, Propyl Paraben |
The Primesep family of mixed-mode columns offer a wide variety of stationary phases with an unprecedented selectivity in the separation of a broad array of chemical compounds and in multiple applications. Corresponding Primesep guard columns are available with all stationary phases and do not require holders. SIELC offers a method development service which is available for all customers. Ask about our special custom LC-phases tailored for specific separations.
Select optionsDextromethorphan is one of the common cough suppressants used in many drug composition. It is in tablets and syrups as an antitussive drug. Composition often has preservatives like parabens. Dextromethorphan is a hydrophobic, basic drug which is used as a bromide salt in drug compositions. Dextromethorphan and two parabens (methyl paraben and propyl paraben) were separated on Primesep C reversed-phase cation-exchange column. Several impurities were observed and are well separated from the main components of the drug composition. Method can be used for various formulations in QC and production environment.
Column | Primesep C, 4.6×150 mm, 5 µm, 100A |
Mobile Phase | MeCN/H2O – 35/65% |
Buffer | TEAPh |
Flow Rate | 1.0 ml/min |
Detection | UV, 210 nm |
Class of Compounds |
Drug, Preservatives, Base, Hydrophobic, Ionizable |
Analyzing Compounds | Dextromethorphan, Bromide, Methyl Paraben, Propyl Paraben |
The Primesep family of mixed-mode columns offer a wide variety of stationary phases with an unprecedented selectivity in the separation of a broad array of chemical compounds and in multiple applications. Corresponding Primesep guard columns are available with all stationary phases and do not require holders. SIELC offers a method development service which is available for all customers. Ask about our special custom LC-phases tailored for specific separations.
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Halide ions are usually analyzed by ion-chromatography with a conductivity detector. Mixed-mode chromatography in combination with ELSD is offering a valuable alternative to ion-chromatography with conductivity detection. Chloride, bromide and iodide were separated on a Primesep SB mixed-mode anion-exchange column. Mobile phase is compatible with ELSD and LC/MS.
Column | Primesep SB, 4.6×50 mm, 5 µm, 100A |
Mobile Phase | MeCN/H2O |
Buffer | AmFm |
Flow Rate | 1.0 ml/min |
Detection | ELSD |
Class of Compounds |
Hydrophilic, Ions |
Analyzing Compounds | Chloride, Sodium, Bromide, Iodine |
The Primesep family of mixed-mode columns offer a wide variety of stationary phases with an unprecedented selectivity in the separation of a broad array of chemical compounds and in multiple applications. Corresponding Primesep guard columns are available with all stationary phases and do not require holders. SIELC offers a method development service which is available for all customers. Ask about our special custom LC-phases tailored for specific separations.
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Ion chromatography is usually used for analysis of hydrophilic organic and inorganic ions. Same separation can be achieved on HILIC/mixed-mode Obelisc N HPLC columns. Obelisc N HPLC columns have very polar groups on their surface: one of the groups is basic and the other acidic. In case of low organic concentration, two groups are connected by hydrophilic linker. Obelisc N column can be used as cation-exchange and anion-exchange column. This allows to separate positively and negatively charged molecules in one run. Five anions (chloride, bromide, methanesulfonate, nitrate and perchlorate) along with one cation (sodium) were separated in one run. Method is compatible with ELSD, CAD and LC/MS and can be used for analysis of various hydrophilic and hydrophobic cations and anions in one HPLC run.
Column | Obelisc N, 4.6×150 mm, 5 µm, 100A |
Mobile Phase | MeCN/H2O |
Buffer | AmFm |
Flow Rate | 1.0 ml/min |
Detection | ELSD |
Class of Compounds |
Hydrophilic, Ions |
Analyzing Compounds | Chloride, Nitrate, Chlorate, Bromide, Potassium |
SIELC has developed the mixed-mode Obelisc™ columns to be the first commercially available columns with Liquid Separation Cell technology (LiSC™). This cost effective duo can replace multiple HPLC columns such as reversed-phase (RP), AQ-type reversed-phase, polar-embedded group RP columns, normal-phase, cation-exchange, anion- exchange, ion-exclusion, and HILIC (Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography) columns. By controlling just three orthogonal method parameters - Buffer concentration, Buffer pH, and Organic Modifier Concentration - users can adjust the column properties with pinpoint precision to separate complex mixtures.
Select optionsThe majority of drugs in the pharmaceutical industry are administered in salt form. The presence of two counter-ions very often necessitates the use of two methods. The nature of these counterparts in drugs can be an inorganic cation and organic acid, inorganic anion and organic base, and organic cation and organic anion. Furthermore, the properties of the molecules will result in a differing stoichiometry. The task of simultaneous quantitation of counter-ions can be achieved by using mixed-mode columns. The general approach for analysis is based on properties of corresponding counter-ions. Hydrophobic basic drugs, like dextromethorphan, verapamil, trimipramine, and corresponding acidic counter-ions (chloride, chlorate, bromide, bromate, perchlorate, maleate, fumarate,tartrate, succinate, phosphate, citrate, benzosulfonate, toleuensulfonate) can be separated and quantitated in the same run on reversed-phase anion-exchange column. Basic hydrophobic drugs are retained by the reversed-phase mechanism, and counter-ions are retained by the reversed-phase and anion-exchange mechanism. Some polar counter-ions are retained only by the anion-exchange mechanism. Retention time and selectivity of HPLC separation of drugs and counter-ions can be achieved by changing the amount of acetonitrile and the amount of ions in the mobile phase. The detection technique depends on the properties of the counter-ions. In case of low or no UV activity, ELSD can be employed if the counter-ion forms a non-volatile salt with the mobile phase additive (ammonium formate). This HPLC method can be used for simultaneous quantitation of other basic drugs and counter-ions. The presence of two mechanisms of retention allows control over retention times of drug and counter-ion independently, and even allows a change of order of elution when necessary.
Column | Primesep D , 4.6×150 mm, 5 µm, 100A |
Mobile Phase | MeCN/H2O |
Buffer | AmFm pH 3.0 |
Flow Rate | 1.0 ml/min |
Detection | ELSD, UV 270 |
Class of Compounds | Ions, Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic, Base, Acids, Ionizable |
Analyzing Compounds | Sodium Chloride, Sodium chloride, Sodium Chlorate, Sodium bromide, Sodium bromate, Perchloric Acid, Maleic Acid, Fumaric Acid, Tartaric Acid, Succinic Acid, Phosphoric Acid, Citric acid, Benzosulfonic acid, Dextromethorphan, Verapamil, Trimipramine |
The Primesep family of mixed-mode columns offer a wide variety of stationary phases with an unprecedented selectivity in the separation of a broad array of chemical compounds and in multiple applications. Corresponding Primesep guard columns are available with all stationary phases and do not require holders. SIELC offers a method development service which is available for all customers. Ask about our special custom LC-phases tailored for specific separations.
Select optionsIonic liquid is an ionic compound which is liquid at room (or close to room) temperature. Most of the ionic liquids are in a dynamic equilibrium where at any time more than 99.99% of the liquid is made up of ionic, rather than molecular, species. Room-temperature ionic liquids consist of bulky cation (for example, substituted imidazolium) compounds. A wide range of anions is used as counter ions in ionic liquids: organic and inorganic anions such as chloride, iodide, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, bistriflimide, triflate, tosylate. Ionic liquids are widely used as solvents in organic reactions. When products are isolated from ionic liquids, they need to be analyzed for residual ionic liquid content.
Because both constituents of the ionic liquid are very different in terms of charge and hydrophobic properties, it is impossible to analyze entire ionic liquids by traditional chromatography. An effective and universal method for analysis of ionic liquids is developed on an Obelisc R HPLC column. Components on the ionic liquids are retained based on ionic and hydrophobic interactions. Obelisc R column has both positively and negatively charged ionic groups, making it possible to retain and separate cations and anions of ionic liquids on one column. Method can be used for quantitative of various ionic liquids containing organic and inorganic ions. Retention time of basic component can be effectively adjusted by pH, stronger anionic and hydrophobic counter-ions might require higher buffer concentration. Composition can be monitored by combination of UV and ELSD or by LC/MS.
Column | Obelisc R , 4.6×150 mm, 5 µm, 100A |
Mobile Phase | MeCN/H2O |
Buffer | AmAc |
Flow Rate | 1.0 ml/min |
Detection | ELSD |
Class of Compounds |
Acid |
Analyzing Compounds | 1-Methyl-3-propylimidazolium, Bromide Ion, Methylsulfonic Acid, Trifluoroacetic Acid, Perchloric Acid, p-Toluenesulfonic Acid |
SIELC has developed the mixed-mode Obelisc™ columns to be the first commercially available columns with Liquid Separation Cell technology (LiSC™). This cost effective duo can replace multiple HPLC columns such as reversed-phase (RP), AQ-type reversed-phase, polar-embedded group RP columns, normal-phase, cation-exchange, anion- exchange, ion-exclusion, and HILIC (Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography) columns. By controlling just three orthogonal method parameters - Buffer concentration, Buffer pH, and Organic Modifier Concentration - users can adjust the column properties with pinpoint precision to separate complex mixtures.
Select optionsPrimesep 100 and Primesep B columns connected in series allow the quantitation of sodium chloride and potassium bromide ions in one injection. The Primesep B column retains the chloride and bromide anions by anion exchange, and the Primesep 100 retains the sodium and potassium cations by cation exchange. The retention can be adjusted by changing the water/acetonitrile ratio in the mobile phase. The separation uses a mobile phase mixture of water, acetonitrile (MeCN, ACN) and ammonium acetate with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD).
Column | Primesep 100, Primesep B , 4.6×50 mm, 5 µm, 100A |
Mobile Phase | MeCN/H2O |
Buffer | AmAc pH 5.0 |
Flow Rate | 1.0 ml/min |
Detection | ELSD |
Class of Compounds |
Ions, Hydrophilic, Ionizable, Vitamin, Supplements |
Analyzing Compounds | Sodium, Potassium, Bromide, Chloride |
The Primesep family of mixed-mode columns offer a wide variety of stationary phases with an unprecedented selectivity in the separation of a broad array of chemical compounds and in multiple applications. Corresponding Primesep guard columns are available with all stationary phases and do not require holders. SIELC offers a method development service which is available for all customers. Ask about our special custom LC-phases tailored for specific separations.
Select optionsThe Primesep family of mixed-mode columns offer a wide variety of stationary phases with an unprecedented selectivity in the separation of a broad array of chemical compounds and in multiple applications. Corresponding Primesep guard columns are available with all stationary phases and do not require holders. SIELC offers a method development service which is available for all customers. Ask about our special custom LC-phases tailored for specific separations.
Select optionsPrimesep 100 and Primesep B columns connected in series allow the quantitation of sodium chloride and potassium bromide ions in one injection. The Primesep B column retains the chloride and bromide anions by anion exchange, and the Primesep 100 retains the sodium and potassium captions by cation exchange. The separation uses a mobile phase mixture of water, acetonitrile (MeCN, ACN) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD).
Column | Primesep 100, Primesep B , 4.6×50 mm, 5 µm, 100A |
Mobile Phase | MeCN/H2O |
Buffer | AmAc pH 5.0 |
Flow Rate | 1.0 ml/min |
Detection | ELSD 50C |
Class of Compounds |
Ions, Hydrophilic, Ionizable, Vitamin, Supplements |
Analyzing Compounds | Sodium, Potassium, Bromide, Chloride |
The Primesep family of mixed-mode columns offer a wide variety of stationary phases with an unprecedented selectivity in the separation of a broad array of chemical compounds and in multiple applications. Corresponding Primesep guard columns are available with all stationary phases and do not require holders. SIELC offers a method development service which is available for all customers. Ask about our special custom LC-phases tailored for specific separations.
Select optionsThe Primesep family of mixed-mode columns offer a wide variety of stationary phases with an unprecedented selectivity in the separation of a broad array of chemical compounds and in multiple applications. Corresponding Primesep guard columns are available with all stationary phases and do not require holders. SIELC offers a method development service which is available for all customers. Ask about our special custom LC-phases tailored for specific separations.
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Dextromethorphan is used as a temporary cough suppressant in many medications. The elution time of dextromethorphan and bromide can be reversed in HPLC chromatography on a Primesep B2 reverse-phase (RP) column with embedded basic ion-pairing groups by only changing the concentration of buffer in a simple mobile phase of water and acetonitrile (MeCN, ACN). Buffer is trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). UV detection at 210nm.
Column Diameter: 3.2 mm
Column Length: 150 mm
Particle Size: 5 µm
Pore Size: 100 A
Primesep C separates a mixture of quaternary amines by a combination of cation exchange, complex formation, and hydrophic interactions. Methyltriethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, and tetramethylammonium cations as well as bromide counter ion are separated on a short 50 mm column. The separation uses a mobile phase mixture of water, acetonitrile (MeCN, ACN) and triethylamine acetate with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD).
Column | Primesep C, 4.6×50 mm |
Mobile Phase | MeCN/H2O |
Buffer | TEA acetate |
Flow Rate | 1.0 ml/min |
Detection | ELSD |
Class of Compounds |
Quaternary Amines, Ionizable, Hormone |
Analyzing Compounds | Methyltriethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, Tetramethylammonium |
The Primesep family of mixed-mode columns offer a wide variety of stationary phases with an unprecedented selectivity in the separation of a broad array of chemical compounds and in multiple applications. Corresponding Primesep guard columns are available with all stationary phases and do not require holders. SIELC offers a method development service which is available for all customers. Ask about our special custom LC-phases tailored for specific separations.
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