CAS Number | 14797-73-0 |
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Molecular Formula | ClO4 |
Molecular Weight | 99.450 |
InChI Key | VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
LogP | -4.63 |
Synonyms |
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Separation type: Liquid Chromatography Mixed-Mode
N-Acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine (3HPMA) is a common metabolite of the herbicide and pollutant Acrolein. 2-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid (2HIB) is a neuro and adrenal toxin that is a common metabolite of the fuel additives Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and Ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE). N-Acetyl(Carbomylethyl)cysteine (NAE) is a metabolite of Acrylamide which can act as a neuro toxin in cases of long term exposure. N-Acetyl(propyl)cysteine (NAPR) is a metabolite of the popular industrial organic solvent 1-bromopropane (1-BP). Perchlorate (PERC) inhibits thyroid activity and can be used to treat hyperthyroidism, but can be toxic in large amounts or in regularly-functioning thyroids. Diphenylphosphate (DPP) is a metabolite of the popular flame retardant triphenyl phosphate (TPHP). These acidic toxin metabolites can be retained, separated, and analyzed on a mixed-mode Newcrom B column with a mobile phase consisting of water, Acetonitrile (MeCN), and Ammonium Acetate (AmAc). This analytical method can be detected with high resolution and peak symmetry with many evaporative detection methods, including Evaporative Light Scattering Detection (ELSD), Charged Aerosol Detector (CAD), and Electrospray Ionization (ESI) for Mass Spectrometry (MS).
Column | Newcrom B, 4.6×150 mm, 5 µm, 100A |
Mobile Phase | MeCN – 5% to 50% in 20 min |
Buffer | Ammonium Acetate – pH 4.0, 10 mM to 25 mM in 20 min |
Flow Rate | 1.0 ml/min |
Detection | ESI- and ESI+ (MS) |
Peak Retention Time | 2.28, 2.99, 3.30, 6.00, 14.85, 17.58 min |
Class of Compounds | Toxin |
Analyzing Compounds | N-Acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine (3HPMA), 2-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid (2HIB), N-Acetyl(Carbomylethyl)cysteine (NAE), N-Acetyl(propyl)cysteine (NAPR), Perchlorate (PERC), Diphenylphosphate (DPP) |
The Newcrom columns are a family of reverse phase-based columns. Newcrom A, AH, B, and BH are all mixed-mode columns with either positive or negative ion-pairing groups attached to either short (25 Å) or long (100 Å) ligand chains. Newcrom R1 is a special reverse phase column with low silanol activity.
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Separation type: Bridge Ion Separation Technology, or BIST™ | ||||||||||||||
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method for Analysis of Inorganic anions, Chloride, Bromide, Nitrate, Iodide, Perchlorate
Using SIELC’s newly introduced BIST™ method, a mixture of many different inorganic anions can be separated on a negatively-charged, cation-exchange BIST™ A column, contrary to conventional chromatographic wisdom. There are two keys to this retention method: 1) a multi-charged, positive buffer, such as N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine (TMDAP), which acts as a bridge, linking the negatively-charged anion analytes to the negatively-charged column surface and 2) a mobile phase consisting mostly of organic solvent (such as MeCN) to minimize the formation of a solvation layer around the charged analytes. Other positively-charged buffers that can generate BIST™ include Calcium acetate and Magnesium acetate. Using this new and unique analysis method, these anions can be separated, retained, and detected through ELSD. This method is also compatible with Mass Spectrometry. |
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SIELC Technologies’ BIST™ Columns are a new and simple way to achieve many separations that are traditionally difficult or impossible to achieve with any other HPLC columns. When used with our BIST™ mobile phases, these ion exchange columns can generate very strong retention of analytes that have the same charge polarity as the stationary phase, unlocking new chromatography applications that were previously too difficult to achieve.
Select optionsSIELC Technologies’ BIST™ Columns are a new and simple way to achieve many separations that are traditionally difficult or impossible to achieve with any other HPLC columns. When used with our BIST™ mobile phases, these ion exchange columns can generate very strong retention of analytes that have the same charge polarity as the stationary phase, unlocking new chromatography applications that were previously too difficult to achieve.
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Pesticide is a more generic term that includes herbicides, fungicides and insecticides in its definition. Herbicides are used to control unwanted plants, they are also known as weedkillers. Insecticides are used to kill insects. Fungicides are used to kill parasitic fungi. All are heavily used in agriculture. By using HPLC, many different pesticides can be separated and their retention characteristics controlled using the Newcrom B mixed-mode column.
Column | Newcrom B, 4.6×150 mm, 5 µm, 100A |
Mobile Phase | MeCN/H2O – 10/90% |
Buffer | AmFm pH 3.0 Gradient 5 – 60 mM 15 min |
Flow Rate | 1 ml/min |
Detection | CAD |
Column | Newcrom B, 4.6×150 mm, 5 µm, 100A |
Mobile Phase | MeCN/H2O – 10/90% |
Buffer | AmFm pH 3.0 Gradient 5 – 15 mM 10 min |
Flow Rate | 1 ml/min |
Detection | CAD |
Class of Compounds | Pesticides, Herbicides, Fungicides, Insecticides |
Analyzing Compounds | Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), Bialaphos, Glyphosate, Phosphorous acid H3PO3, Fosetyl-Al, Bromide, Chlorate, Perchlorate, 3-Methylphosphinicopropionic acid (MPPA), Bromide |
The Newcrom columns are a family of reverse phase-based columns. Newcrom A, AH, B, and BH are all mixed-mode columns with either positive or negative ion-pairing groups attached to either short (25 Å) or long (100 Å) ligand chains. Newcrom R1 is a special reverse phase column with low silanol activity.
Select optionsMain source of contamination of environment by perchlorates are rocket fuels, car airbags, and fireworks.
EPA developed regulation of the perchlorate level in drinking water which already adapted by several states.
The most convenient, universal and very sensitive way to measure perchlorate is chromatography.
SIELC developed a simple, rugged, and selective HPLC method which allows to measure perchlorate in different matrices including drinking water.
This method allows to measure simultaneously other chloro containing ions such as chloride, and chlorate.
The method shows high selectivity and specificity.
The mobile phase is a simple mixture of water acetonitrile and ammonium formate.
The column used in the analysis has advanced surface chemistry with long chain holding a terminal positively changed functional group.
Column | Newcrom B, 4.6×150 mm, 5 µm, 100A |
Mobile Phase | MeCN/H2O – 10/90% |
Buffer | Gradient AmFm pH 3.0 – 40-100 mM , 10 min |
Flow Rate | 1.0 ml/min |
Detection | CAD |
Class of Compounds | Ions, Hydrophilic, Ionizable |
Analyzing Compounds | Sodium Chloride, Sodium Chlorate, Sodium Perchlorate |
The Newcrom columns are a family of reverse phase-based columns. Newcrom A, AH, B, and BH are all mixed-mode columns with either positive or negative ion-pairing groups attached to either short (25 Å) or long (100 Å) ligand chains. Newcrom R1 is a special reverse phase column with low silanol activity.
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Column | Newcrom BH, 4.6×150 mm, 5 µm, 100A |
Mobile Phase | MeCN/H2O – 10/90% |
Buffer | Gradient AmAc pH 5.0 – 20-90 mM , 20 min |
Flow Rate | 1.0 ml/min |
Detection | CAD (Corona) (MS-compatible mobile phase) |
Class of Compounds | Ions, Hydrophilic, Ionizable |
Analyzing Compounds | Sodium, Phosphate, Chloride, Bromide, Nitrate, Iodide, Sulfate, Perchlorate |
The Newcrom columns are a family of reverse phase-based columns. Newcrom A, AH, B, and BH are all mixed-mode columns with either positive or negative ion-pairing groups attached to either short (25 Å) or long (100 Å) ligand chains. Newcrom R1 is a special reverse phase column with low silanol activity.
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The ionic forms of Chlorate, Perchlorate, and Phosphonates are useful in many industries including medicine, paper and use in explosives. Due to their lack of UV activity, an ELSD was used to detect both the anions and cations of all three sodium salts. The ions were retained on both Primesep D and Obelisc R columns. Primesep D is a reverse phase column with embedded basic ion-pairing groups. Obelisc R is also a reverse phase column, but can be additionally tuned due to embedded ionic groups and a hydrophobic chain.
Column | Primesep D, 2.1×100 mm, 5 µm, 100A |
Mobile Phase | Gradient MeCN – 10-40%, 12 min |
Buffer | Gradient AmFm pH 2.3- 30-80 mM, 12 min |
Flow Rate | 0.4 ml/min |
Detection | ELSD |
Column | Obelisc R, 2.1×150 mm, 5 µm, 100A |
Mobile Phase | Gradient MeCN – 10-40%, 12 min |
Buffer | Gradient AmFm pH 2.3- 30-80 mM, 12 min |
Flow Rate | 0.4 ml/min |
Detection | ELSD |
Class of Compounds |
Hydrophilic, Ionizable |
Analyzing Compounds | Chlorate, Perchlorate, Phosphonate Ions |
SIELC has developed the mixed-mode Obelisc™ columns to be the first commercially available columns with Liquid Separation Cell technology (LiSC™). This cost effective duo can replace multiple HPLC columns such as reversed-phase (RP), AQ-type reversed-phase, polar-embedded group RP columns, normal-phase, cation-exchange, anion- exchange, ion-exclusion, and HILIC (Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography) columns. By controlling just three orthogonal method parameters - Buffer concentration, Buffer pH, and Organic Modifier Concentration - users can adjust the column properties with pinpoint precision to separate complex mixtures.
Select optionsThe Primesep family of mixed-mode columns offer a wide variety of stationary phases with an unprecedented selectivity in the separation of a broad array of chemical compounds and in multiple applications. Corresponding Primesep guard columns are available with all stationary phases and do not require holders. SIELC offers a method development service which is available for all customers. Ask about our special custom LC-phases tailored for specific separations.
Select optionsThe majority of drugs in the pharmaceutical industry are administered in salt form. The presence of two counter-ions very often necessitates the use of two methods. The nature of these counterparts in drugs can be an inorganic cation and organic acid, inorganic anion and organic base, and organic cation and organic anion. Furthermore, the properties of the molecules will result in a differing stoichiometry. The task of simultaneous quantitation of counter-ions can be achieved by using mixed-mode columns. The general approach for analysis is based on properties of corresponding counter-ions. Hydrophobic basic drugs, like dextromethorphan, verapamil, trimipramine, and corresponding acidic counter-ions (chloride, chlorate, bromide, bromate, perchlorate, maleate, fumarate,tartrate, succinate, phosphate, citrate, benzosulfonate, toleuensulfonate) can be separated and quantitated in the same run on reversed-phase anion-exchange column. Basic hydrophobic drugs are retained by the reversed-phase mechanism, and counter-ions are retained by the reversed-phase and anion-exchange mechanism. Some polar counter-ions are retained only by the anion-exchange mechanism. Retention time and selectivity of HPLC separation of drugs and counter-ions can be achieved by changing the amount of acetonitrile and the amount of ions in the mobile phase. The detection technique depends on the properties of the counter-ions. In case of low or no UV activity, ELSD can be employed if the counter-ion forms a non-volatile salt with the mobile phase additive (ammonium formate). This HPLC method can be used for simultaneous quantitation of other basic drugs and counter-ions. The presence of two mechanisms of retention allows control over retention times of drug and counter-ion independently, and even allows a change of order of elution when necessary.
Column | Primesep D , 4.6×150 mm, 5 µm, 100A |
Mobile Phase | MeCN/H2O |
Buffer | AmFm pH 3.0 |
Flow Rate | 1.0 ml/min |
Detection | ELSD, UV 270 |
Class of Compounds | Ions, Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic, Base, Acids, Ionizable |
Analyzing Compounds | Sodium Chloride, Sodium chloride, Sodium Chlorate, Sodium bromide, Sodium bromate, Perchloric Acid, Maleic Acid, Fumaric Acid, Tartaric Acid, Succinic Acid, Phosphoric Acid, Citric acid, Benzosulfonic acid, Dextromethorphan, Verapamil, Trimipramine |
The Primesep family of mixed-mode columns offer a wide variety of stationary phases with an unprecedented selectivity in the separation of a broad array of chemical compounds and in multiple applications. Corresponding Primesep guard columns are available with all stationary phases and do not require holders. SIELC offers a method development service which is available for all customers. Ask about our special custom LC-phases tailored for specific separations.
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