Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)

HPLC Method for Separation of Acetaminophen and 4-Aminophenol on Primesep 100 by SIELC Technologies

Separation type: Liquid Chromatography Mixed-mode

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method for Separation of Acetaminophen and 4-Aminophenol

4-Aminophenol (also known as para-aminophenol or Rodinal) is a popular film developing compound and building block in organic chemistry reactions. Most notably, it is a key compound used in the production of acetaminophen (also known as paracetamol or Tylenol). 4-Aminophenol can be separated, retained, and analyzed on a Primesep 100 mixed-mode stationary phase column using an isocratic analytical method with a simple mobile phase of water, Acetonitrile (MeCN), and an sulfuric acid (H2SO4) or perchloric acid (HClO4) buffer. This analysis method can be detected in the UV regime at 220 nm.

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Description

Separation type: Bridge Ion Separation Technology, or BIST™

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High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method for Analysis of Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan, Pseudoephedrine, Doxylamine

Nyquil is a combination of medicines used to treat headaches, fever, body aches, cough, runny nose, sneezing, and sore throat caused by allergies, the common cold, or the flu. Nyquil contains the active ingredients acetaminophen, dextromethorphan HBr, doxylamine succinate, and sometimes, phenylephrine HCl. Acetaminophen is a pain reliever and fever reducer. Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant. It affects the cough reflex in the brain that triggers coughing. Doxylamine is an antihistamine that reduces the effects of the natural chemical histamine in the body. Histamine can produce symptoms of sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and runny nose. Pseudoephedrine is used to relieve nasal congestion caused by colds, allergies, and hay fever. It is also used to temporarily relieve sinus congestion and pressure. All active compounds of Nyquil can be separated in HPLC on a BIST B+ column. The analytical method uses acetonitrile (ACN) gradient and water with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as buffer and UV detected at 210 nm.

Separation type: Liquid Chromatography Mixed-mode

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High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method for Analysis of Acetaminophen, Phenylephrine, and Ascorbic Acid

Acetaminophen (or paracetamol) is one of the most popular over-the-counter painkillers all over the world (in the US it is best known under the brand name Tylenol). Ascorbic acid (also known as Vitamin C) helps your body build up muscle, cartilage, and other important building blocks in your body. Phenylephrine is a common over-the-counter decongestant, but can also be used for pupil dilation and hemorrhoid treatment. While all of these compounds are available at your local pharmacy, Vitamin C intake can reduce the body’s ability to break down acetaminophen.

All three of these compounds can be measured at low UV. Using a Primsep S normal phase column and a mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile (MeCN) with an Ammonium acetate (AmAc) buffer, these three compounds can be separated and UV detected at 270 nm. Varying the buffer concentration changes the order in which phenylephrine and ascorbic acid are retained. This method is compatible with Mass Spectrometry.

Separation type: Liquid Chromatography Mixed-mode

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method for Analysis of Acetaminophen, Phenylephrine, and Ascorbic Acid

Acetaminophen is a p-aminophenol derivative with analgesic and antipyretic activities. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties, may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage. It is a nonprescription medication for mild-to-moderate pain and fever. Caffeine is a Central Nervous System (CNS) stimulant. It is an unregulated and legal drug in most parts of the world. It can be found in the seeds and leaves in a number of plants native in Africa, East Asia and South America. Pyrilamine maleate is a histamine H1 antagonist with hypnotic properties. It has multiple uses such as an anesthetic and is used against allergies. Newcrom R1, a column that takes advantage of the newest technologies, does not contain embedded acidic nor basic ionizable groups and can retain Acetaminophen, Caffeine and Pyrilamine maleate. The method is UV compatible and can be used as a general approach for analyzing similar compounds.

Acetaminophen is a p-aminophenol derivative with analgesic and antipyretic activities. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties, may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage. It is a nonprescription medication for mild-to-moderate pain and fever.

Oxycodone is semi-synthetic opioid type drug that is used to help relieve moderate to severe pain. Primesep 200, a reverse phase column, contains embedded acidic ionizable groups and can retain Acetaminophen and Oxycodone. The method is UV compatible and can be used as a general approach for analyzing similar compounds.

Paracetamol (also known as acetaminophen) is a mild analgesic commonly used for relief from headaches and used in many cold and flu medicines. Legacy L1 was used to retain Paracetamol by reverse phase mechanism. Legacy L1 uses embedded C18 groups on porous silica and is useful for many USP HPLC applications. comparisons to Phenomenex columns are available by request.

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Acetaminophen and 4-Aminophenol ar both aminophenols. Acetominophen or paracetamol is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic. 4-Aminophenol is an intermediate in the synthesis of paracetamol and used in photography as a developer. Both compounds were retained and resolved on Primesep C. Primesep C is a mixed-mode HPLC column which uses reversed-phase and unique complex-forming groups to resolve compounds that might otherwise coelute.

Application Notes: Acetametaphin, aspirin, and caffeine tablets contain not less than 90 percent and not more than 110 percent of the labeled amounts if acetametaphin, asprin, and caffeine according the USP methods. USP HPLC method for separation of acetaminophen, aspirin and caffeine was developed on Legacy L1 column according to US Pharmacopeia methodology. L1 classification is assigned to reversed-phase HPLC column contains C18 ligands. Support for the material is a spherical silica gel with particles size 3-10 um and pore size of 100-120A. Resolution between critical pairs corresponds to rules and specifications of USP.

Application Columns: Legacy L1 C18 HPLC column

Application compounds: Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine, benzoic acid, and salicylic acid

Mobile phase: MeOH/H2O/AcOH 28/69/3

Detection technique: UV

Reference: USP30: NF35

NyQuil is a cough medication produced by Procter&Gamble. It consists of acetaminophen, pseudoephedrine, doxylamine and dextromethorphan. Most of the analytical HPLC methods include either use of ion-pairing reagent or a gradient elution. Mixed-mode chromatography allows to replace long gradient method with short isocratic method. All four compounds are well separated within 3-5 minutes. Methods can be optimized for analysis of other cough composition containing general cough suppressants and pain killers. Method is robust and being validated at several drug companies.

Acetaminophen is an over-the-counter pain and fever reducer, and a major component of cold and flue remedies. Phenylephrine is a decongestant. Guaifenesin is a mucolytic agent used to relieve respiratory difficulties. These three compounds of cough medication were separated by mixed-mode chromatography on a Primesep C HPLC column. Retention and order of elution for phenylephrine can be changed by buffer concentration and buffer pH. Method can be used for analysis of cough and cold composition during the production and in QC/QA environment. Method is compatible with LC/MS and can be used to analyze these components in biological fluids. This generic HPLC method is robust and reproducible.

Obelisc R column can be successfully used for analysis of hydrophobic and hydrophilic basic and acidic drugs and corresponding counter-ions. This approach can be used for analysis of various cold and cough composition, pain killers, and other prescription and over-the-counter medications. Within pH 3-5, both cation- and anion mechanism are present on the column, along with hydrophobic interaction. Selectivity of this mixed-mode separation is controlled by the amount of acetonitrile, buffer concentration and buffer pH. Method is robust and reproducible, and can be used as a common HPLC method for analysis of drug molecules and compositions.

Method for separation of components of cough medication shows how retention for acetaminophen, phenylephrine and guaifenesin is controlled. Order of elution for compounds can be changed based on composition of the mobile phase. The method is compatible with UV, ELSD and LC/MS and can be used for quantitation of drugs in formulation. Primesep C mixed-mode HPLC column is ideal candidate for analysis of cough compositions. Basic compounds are well retained in mixed-mode chromatography without use of ion-pairing reagents. Several companies validated this approach. The method is reproducible and robust and can be used in both production environments and R&D. This HPLC method can be adopted as general approach for analysis of basic compounds in various mixtures.

Components of Tylenol Cold and Cough Remedy are separated on Obelisc R mixed-mode column. Method can be used to determine compounds in various cough and cold compositions. Neutral (acetaminophen), basic (chlorpheniramine, dextromethorphan and pseudoephedrine) and acidic (maleic acid/Maleate) components are analyzed with perfect peak shape and retention control. Method can be used in production, QC/QA and biological studies for quantitation of various components in pharmaceutical formulations (Advil, Tylenol, Dimetapp, Robitussin, NyQuil, etc)

Primesep C separates acetaminophen (paracetamol), phenylephrine, and diphenhydramine– common over-the-counter cold and flu medication ingredients such as Tylenol products—by either an acetonitrile or phosphoric acid gradient. The HPLC separation uses a mobile phase of water, acetonitrile (MeCN, ACN), and phosphoric acid with ultraviolet (UV) detection at 210 nm.

Primesep C separates the active ingredients in the over-the-counter cold medicine, NyQuil. Succinate and bromate co-elute early, but acetaminophen, pseudoephedrine, doxylamine, and dextromethorphan are baseline resolved. A combination of cation exchange, complex formation, and hydrophobic interactions separate this mixture with a mobile phase of water, acetonitrile (MeCN, ACN) and triethylamine (TEA) phosphate with UV detection at 205 nm.