HPLC Method for Sodium, Phosphate, Chloride, Bromide, Nitrate, Sulfate, Iodine, Perchlorate, Iodide on Newcrom BH by SIELC Technologies

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method for Analysis of Sodium, Phosphate, Chloride, Bromide, Nitrate, Sulfate, Iodine, Perchlorate, Iodide 

Sodium, which  has a chemical symbol of Na, is a soft alkali metal that is highly reactive.  It is found in abundance in everyday materials like table salt, sea water, and even the Earth’s crust. It is crucial  for the body’s function and fluid balance.

Phosphate, PO₄^3-, is a compound that plays an important part in biological energy transfer. It contains phosphorus, which is also a key component in bones and teeth. It is also a buffer, which helps maintain pH levels in a body.

Chloride is typically used to refer to a compound or molecule that contains a chlorine anion: Cl^–. It is an electrolyte that is essential for bodily functions including blood pH, fluid balance, cellular functions, and more. Imbalance of chloride can indicate underlying health problems.

Bromide is typically used to refer to a compound or molecule that contains a bromide anion: Br^–. It is often found in anticonvulsants, flame-retardant materials, and cell stains.

Nitrate, NO₃^–, is a compound of nitrogen and oxygen. It is essential as a nutrient in plants; therefore, it is often used in fertilizers. It is easily found in leafy greens. While it is important for cardiovascular health, too high of exposure to it can be dangerous.

Iodide, the Ionic form of Iodine, I^– is essential for thyroid hormone production. Lack of it can lead to iodine deficiency disorders. It is typically found in Iodized salt and occasionally as an antiseptic.

Sulfate is an ionic chemical with the formula SO₄^2-. In nature, it is usually found in geodes like gypsum. It is also created in atmosphere from sulfur dioxide. It is used for a variety of applications, but most notably, coloring wood and creating light-reflecting paints.

Perchlorate is an inorganic compound with the formula ClO₄^–. It is most typically used for explosives. For example, fireworks and rocket propellants. Due to it’s water solubility, it can easily contaminate it. When ingested, it can pose a health risk and cause developmental harm.

Sodium, Phosphate, Chloride, Bromide, Nitrate, Sulfate, Iodine, Perchlorate, Iodide can be retained and analyzed using the Newcrom BH stationary phase column. The analysis utilizes an isocratic method with a simple mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile (MeCN) with a Ammonium Acetate buffer. Detection is performed using CAD.

Organic and inorganic acids and ions can be separated on a Primesep B4 column based on their ionic properties. Method can be used for quantitation of residual acids in various products and sample matrices. Trifluoracetic, hydrochloric, methanesulfonic, and nitric acids are separated using ACN-water-ammonium formate. Ions can be detected by ELSD, CAD or LC/MS.

Ion chromatography is usually used for analysis of hydrophilic organic and inorganic ions. Same separation can be achieved on HILIC/mixed-mode Obelisc N HPLC columns. Obelisc N HPLC columns have very polar groups on their surface: one of the groups is basic and the other acidic. In case of low organic concentration, two groups are connected by hydrophilic linker. Obelisc N column can be used as cation-exchange and anion-exchange column. This allows to separate positively and negatively charged molecules in one run. Five anions (chloride, bromide, methanesulfonate, nitrate and perchlorate) along with one cation (sodium) were separated in one run. Method is compatible with ELSD, CAD and LC/MS and can be used for analysis of various hydrophilic and hydrophobic cations and anions in one HPLC run.

High nitrate concentrations in water and soil can be toxic to humans, fish and domestic animals.  Chloride can be used for analysis of water contamination. Primesep D column can be used to separate and quantify both ions.  The baseline separation between chloride and nitrate can be increased by decreasing the ammonium formate concentration in the mobile phase.  Evaporative Light Scattering Detection (ELSD) used.