HPLC Method for Maleic Acid, Nicotinic Acid (Vitamin B3), trans-Aconitic acid, Fumaric Acid, Aconitic acid on BIST A+ by SIELC Technologies

Maleic Acid, also known as cis-butenedioic acid,  is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C₄H₄O₄. It is primarily used as a precursor to fumaric acid.  It is is derived by hydrolysis of maleic anhydride or is produced by oxidation of benzene or butane.  In medicine, it is used to form salts with drugs to increase their stability. The maleate ion from Maleic acid is a popular ingredient as the maleate salt in several different drugs, including Methergine, Pyrilamine, and Carfenazine, among others. You can find detailed UV spectra of Maleic Acid and information about its various lambda maxima by visiting the following link.

Nicotinic acid, also known as niacin and vitamin B3, is a water-soluble B vitamin with C₆H₅NO₂ molecular formula. It is an essential nutrient that is crucial for energy production. Nicotinic acid is commonly used as a dietary supplement to treat vitamin B3 deficiency, and it’s also prescribed in higher doses to help lower cholesterol levels. It works by dilating blood vessels, which can lead to a flushing sensation, hence it is sometimes referred to as “flushing niacin.” You can find detailed UV spectra of Niacin and information about its various lambda maxima by visiting the following link.

Aconitic acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula C₆H₆O₆. It is primarily used to create nutty flavors in foods. It is also a common intermediate in the Kreb’s cycle when Citrate is changed into D-isocitrate. Aconitic acid is a key intermediary in the citric acid cycle, and is also used a flavoring agent and in the production of rubbers and plastics. You can find detailed UV spectra of Aconitic acid and information about its various lambda maxima by visiting the following link.

Fumaric Acid, also known as trans-butenedioic acid, is an organic compound with C4H4O4 chemical formula. It is used across food, industrial, and medical industries. In food, is it often used as a preservative, pH regulator, and flavoring akin to citric acid.  Industrially, it is used in making polyester resins, polyhydric alcohols, and more. Medically, it is used in denture cleaners and it’s derivatives are used in treating psoriasis. Fumaric acid is a popular preservative and food additive with a fruit-like taste. You can find detailed UV spectra of Fumaric Acid and information about its various lambda maxima by visiting the following link.

Using SIELC’s newly introduced BIST™ method, a mixture of these organic acids can be separated on a negatively-charged, cation-exchange BIST A+ column, contrary to conventional chromatographic wisdom. There are two keys to this retention method: 1) a multi-charged, positive buffer, such as N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine (TMDAP), which acts as a bridge, linking the negatively-charged anion analytes to the negatively-charged column surface and 2) a mobile phase consisting mostly of organic solvent (such as MeCN) to minimize the formation of a solvation layer around the charged analytes.

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